Use of alkyl cyclopentanone and phenyl alkanol derivative-containing compositions for repelling blood feeding arthropods and apparatus for determining repellency and attractancy of semiochemicals against and for blood feeding arthropods

ABSTRACT

Our invention is directed to a semiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods which has the capability of causing determination of repellency and attractancy of semiochemicals against and for blood feeding arthropods. The field trap comprises 
     an upright vertically disposed hollow housing having arthropod-impenetrable vertical side wall, at least two horizontally-disposed separate sets of apertures, being gas transmission apertures containing a gas transmission means (e.g., a polyethylene tube) or having first radiation means sealably inserted therethrough (for example, a light emitting diode or a laser diode), 
     a horizontally disposed hollow housing, a gas transmission effecting means for causing conveyance of a gas (such as air or carbon dioxide) through the gas entry means 
     a second radiation means for conveying insect attracting radiation, a 
     radiation pulsing means connected to the first radiation means and/or said second radiation means causing the first insect attracting radiation and/or the second insect attracting radiation to have a frequency mimicking insect wing beat and/or insect visual sensing frequencies, and 
     at least one power supply means associated with the trap at least energizing the first and second radiation means and the radiation pulsing means.

This application is a continuation-in-part of application for U.S.Letters Patent, Ser. No. 887,138 filed on May 22, 1992, now U.S. Pat.No. 5,228,233.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Our invention relates to the use of alkyl cyclopentanone and phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions having the structures:##STR1## taken alone, in admixture or in admixture with the cycloalkanolderivative-containing compositions containing the compounds having thestructures: ##STR2## for repelling blood feeding arthropods, includingspecies of mosquitos and house flies as well as apparatus fordetermining repellency and attractancy of semiochemicals such as theaforementioned cycloalkanol derivative-containing compositions againstand for such blood feeding arthropods.

Alkanols are known for repelling insects and the prior art contains manyreferences pertaining to same. Thus, the use of 1-nonen-3-ol as arepellent is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,228 issued on Jul. 26,1988, as a repellent for house flies (Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae)).

Nothing in the prior art, however, sets fourth the unexpected, unobviousand advantageous properties of the alkyl cyclopentanone and phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions of our invention so useful inrepelling the species of insects set forth herein.

Furthermore, the prior art is replete with references showing varioustraps for insects, including said U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,228 issued on Jul.26, 1988. Other prior art showing such insect traps is:

Griffiths and Bowman, Acarology VI, Volume 2, published by Ellis HorwoodLimited §15.5, "Sampling Techniques For Burrow-Dwelling Ticks InReference To Potential African Swin Fever Virus Vectors", (Butler, etal).

Garcia R., (1962), Ann.Entomol.Soc.Amer., 55 605-606.

Garcia R., (1965), Amer.J.Trop.Med.Hyg., 14 1090-1093.

Hair, J. A., Hoch, A. L., Barker, R. W., & Semtner, P. J., (1972),J.Med.Entomol., 9 153-155.

Holscher, K. H., Gearhart, H. L. & Barker, R. W. (1980)Ann.Entomol.Soc.Amer., 73 288-292.

Koch, H. G. & McNew, R. W., (1981), Ann.Entomol.Soc.Amer., 74 498-500.

Nothing in the prior art sets forth the trap of our invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Our invention is directed to a semiochemical field trap for bloodfeeding arthropods which has the capability of causing determination ofrepellency and attractancy of semiochemicals against and for bloodfeeding arthropods. The field trap comprises:

(1) An upright vertically disposed hollow housing means: havingarthropod-impenetrable vertical side wall means defining a verticallydisposed inner void, (for example, a cylindrical rigid plastic housingproduced from a phenol-formaldehyde polymer); having an upper terminalend means provided with gas entry means; having and piercing said sidewall means, at least two horizontally-disposed separate sets ofapertures, including an aperture set S₁ and an aperture set S₂ ; withaperture set S₁ being vertically distant from and substantially adjacentto aperture set S₂ ; with the apertures of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ beinggas transmission apertures containing gas transmission means (e.g., apolyethylene tube) or having first radiation means sealably insertedtherethrough (for example, a light emitting diode or a laser diode);

(2) Horizontally disposed hollow housing means (for example,horizontally disposed open ended hollow cylinders fabricated fromaluminum or rigid plastic such as acrylic plastic) having substantiallyhorizontally disposed arthropod impenetrable side walls defininghorizontally disposed inner void means; having oppositely juxtaposedinner and outer open terminal end means; the inner terminal end meansbeing circumferentially sealably contiguous with a portion of the outersurface of said vertical side wall means of said upright housing meanswhich portion circumscribes a section of the vertical side wall meansincluding at least one aperture of aperture set S₁ and at least oneaperture of aperture set S₂, one of the apertures being a gastransmission aperture containing the gas transmission means (e.g., thepolyethylene tubing) and the other of the apertures having sealablycontained therethrough radiation means (for example, the light emittingdiode or the laser diode); having incorporated into the inner structurethereof arthropod entrapment means (for example, a sticky insecttrapping substance as disclosed in the prior art) and having asustainably releasable insect attractant or repellent semiochemicalsubstance means located within (i) said horizontally disposed inner voidmeans or (ii) said gas transmission means, for example, a matrixcomprising a porous containment agent (e.g., polyethylene,polypropylene, a polyamide, a polyurethane or the like) containing inthe interstices thereof at least one semiochemical sustainablyreleasable therefrom (e.g., the cycloalkanol substance-containingcomposition of our invention) or, for example, the substances andstructures described at columns 13, 14 and 15 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,860issued on Jun. 7, 1988 the specification for which is incorporated byreference herein;

(3) Gas transmission effecting means for causing conveyance of a gas(such as air or carbon dioxide) through said gas entry means into andthrough said vertically disposed inner void, through a gas transmissionaperture of aperture set S₁ and/or of aperture set S₂ into and throughsaid horizontally disposed inner void means and into the environmentsurrounding the field trap (for example, such gas transmission effectingmeans can be a carbon dioxide gas supply means for supplying gasouscarbon dioxide simultaneously with the operation of power supply means);

(4) optionally second radiation means located within said verticallydisposed inner void for conveying insect attracting radiation throughsubstantially each of said gas transmission apertures of aperture set S₁and/or aperture set S₂ ;

(5) radiation pulsing means connected to said first radiation meansand/or said second radiation means causing said first insect attractingradiation and/or said second insect attracting radiation to have afrequency mimicking insect wing beat and/or insect visual sensingfrequencies;

(6) at least one power supply means associated with the trap at leastenergizing the first and second radiation means and the radiationpulsing means;

whereby on engagement of the power supply means with the radiationeffecting means and simultaneous activation of the gas transmissioneffecting means and the radiation pulsing means, blood feedingarthropods in the vicinity of the trap are attracted by (i) activatedradiation emitted by the radiation means and/or (ii) gas emanating fromthe outer open terminal end means of the horizontally disposed hollowhousing means to a location so close to the trap that in the event thatan attracting semiochemical in the sustainably releasable substancemeans is detected and attracts at least one of the arthropods, sucharthropods will enter the horizontally disposed inner void meanscounter-current to the flow of the emanating gas or gaseous ion (e.g.,CO₂ or ion) and will remain permanently entrapped therein (usually as aresult of a sticky substance adhering to the inner portion of thehorizontally disposed housing(s)).

It is preferable when using the radiation emission means, to useinfra-red light. Control experiments are preferably run using carbondioxide with the use of infra-red radiation lights (light emittingdiodes) and without the use of infra-red radiation lights. However,experiments using the trap may also be carried out with other lightssuch as bright green lights and blue lights (in the form of lightemitting diodes). In both cases the radiation emission means utilizespreferably the circuit of FIG. 11 or FIG. 12 described, infra. Othercircuits are used when using laser diodes instead of light emittingdiodes. An example of the green light being used is one manufactured bythe Marktech International Corporation of Menands, N.Y., Catalog PartNo. MT300-CUG (T-1.75 water clear ultra-bright green light emittingdiode lamp). When using infra-red radiation means, it is preferable toutilize a gallium arsenide infra-red light emitting diode such as ModelMTE 1080 gallium arsenide emitter manufactured by Marktech of 120Broadway, Menands, N.Y. 12204. When using a laser diode, laser diodessuch as those marketed under Catalog Nos. P451 or P452 by the DIGI-KEY®Corporation of 701 Brooks Avenue South, P.O. Box 677, Thief River Falls,Minn. 56701-0677 are useful and operable.

The radiation pulsing means is intended herein to be a flicker fusionfrequency generator to present a frequency of from about 50 up to about400 cycles per second (Herz). Such frequencies are intended to mimicblood feeding arthropod wing beat frequencies and visual sensingfrequencies. The radiation pulsing means is intended to cause the firingof, for example, radiation emitting diodes having a range of from about400 up to about 1000 nm (nanometers).

The radiation pulsing means can be in the form of a direct radiationstroblight such as that illustrated in FIG. 17 or it can be in the formof an off-apparatus stroblight unit which causes radiation pulsing to beconveyed through fiber optic strands as set forth, for example, in FIG.19, described, infra.

In any event, radiation pulsing means which can be used in the practiceof our invention are set forth in the following publications:

(i) published Canadian Patent Application 2,040,615 published on Oct.17, 1992 (title: "Cel-Alert' An Easy To-Use Emergency Strobe-Light RoadSafety Device";

(ii) the Stroboscope/Tachometer marketed by the Edmund ScientificCompany of Barrington, N.J.;

(iii) the "Realistic Wide Angle Strobe Light" Catalog No. 42-3009Amarketed by the Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corporation of Ft. Worth,Tex.;

(iv) the Enerlite Personal Strobe, Catalog No. 61-2506 marketed by theRadio Shack Division of Tandy Corporation of Ft. Worth, Tex.

Other light emitting diodes that are useful in the practice of ourinvention are, for example, those set forth in Canadian Published PatentApplication 2,065,577 published on Oct. 17, 1992 entitled "EncapsulatedLight Emitting Diode And Method For Encapsulation".

When preparing the semiochemical matrix which is preferably a block, 10microliters of test material, e.g., the alkyl cyclopentanone and phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions of our invention are soakedonto a 9 mm×9 mm×9 mm block.

The carbon dioxide supply source is most conveniently dry ice placed ina "zippered" bag (with a TYGON® tubing outlet). The dry ice is placed ina zippered bag and the bag is then placed in an insulated ice chest.Preferably between 4 and 5 kilograms of dry ice is used, preferably inthe form of pellets or blocks.

On placing the trap in the test area, the motor means is engaged withthe power supply means, preferably, simultaneously, with the engagementof the radiation means with the power supply means. Thus, at the instantthat the trap is commenced to be in use, the air flow creation means(e.g., a propeller) begins its rotation simultaneously with theradiation means being energized and with the motor means beingenergized. Thus, arthropods, e.g., mosquitoes and house flies as setforth, supra, in the vicinity of the trap are attracted by the radiationto a location so close to the trap that in the event that an attractingsemiochemical in the matrix is detected by the arthropods, thearthropods will enter the air stream or the CO₂ stream created by theair flow creation means, e.g., the propeller or the CO₂ flow or both andbe carried into the 3-space within the horizontally disposed hollowhousing means. Once within the trap the arthropods will not escape inview of the fact that they are in the vicinity of such gas as carbondioxide being emitted by the carbon dioxide supply source and they arein the vicinity of radiation emitted by radiation emission means and areattracted thereto. Furthermore, in the event of the presence of a stickysubstance within the horizontally disposed hollow housing means, theyare trapped by a sticky substance known in the prior art.

The traps are usually run for a period of from about 36 hours up toabout 40 hours. They are set up in usually linear transects acrossflight ranges replicated (6-12 replications) about 10 meters apart.

The gas transmission means transmitting gas from the vertically disposedhollow housing to the horizontally disposed hollow housing (e.g., TYGON®tubing) requires a screen or mesh substance at the orifice thereofwithin the horizontally disposed hollow housing means. Preferably, anylon mesh is used which nylon mesh extends entirely around the uprightvertically disposed hollow housing means covering each of the gastransmission means (e.g., TYGON® tubing orifices). Preferably, the meshsize of the mesh (e.g., nylon mesh) used for this purpose should rangefrom about 10 up to about 200 lines per inch and thus, for example, maybe 20/6 T-66 textured nylon or 70/32 polyester (e.g., a polymer ofphthalic anhydride and ethylene glycol).

Our invention is also directed to a method for repelling at least one ofthe insect species:

(a) Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae);

(b) Aedes aegypti;

(c) Aedes albopictus;

(d) Anopheles spp.;

(e) Coquillettidia perturbans;

(f) Culiseta spp.;

(g) Culex spp.;

(h) Psorophora spp.;

(i) Culicoides spp.; and/or

(j) Lutzomyia spp.

for a finite period of time from a three dimensional space comprisingthe step of exposing said three dimensional space to a:

(a) Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae);

(b) Aedes aegypti;

(c) Aedes albopictus;

(d) Anopheles spp.;

(e) Coquillettidia perturbans;

(f) Culiseta spp.;

(g) Culex spp.;

(h) Psorophora spp.;

(i) Culicoides spp.; and/or

(j) Lutzomyia spp.

of a composition of matter which is an alkyl cyclopentanone or phenylalkanol derivative-containing composition of matter having thestructure: ##STR3## taken alone, or in combination, or further incombination with a mixture of cycloalkanol derivatives having thestructures: ##STR4## produced by means of a process of reacting a loweralkanoic acid with methyl cyclopentadiene dimer which is a mixture ofcompounds having the structures: ##STR5## in the presence of a protonicacid such as sulfuric acid or a Lewis acid such a boron trifluorideetherate; and then saponifying the resulting product with base such asaqueous 50% sodium hydroxide in accordance with the process of ExamplesI, II, III, IV and V of U.S. Pat. No. 4,275,251 issued on Jun. 23, 1981the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein.

Our invention is also directed to the use of an insect repelling soapwhich can on use thereof cause the repellents from the user of any ofthe species of insects set forth above comprising a soap base and inintimate contact therewith, an alkylcylopentanone orphenylalkanolderivative having the structure: ##STR6## taken alone or incombination or in further combination with a mixture of cycloalkanolderivatives having the structures: ##STR7##

Such soap articles can be prepared according to the specification ofApplication for U.S. Letters Patent, Ser. No. 824,591 filed on Jan. 23,1992, the specification for which is incorporated herein by reference.

Our invention is also directed to insect repelling perfume bases whichcan on use thereof effect repellents from the user of any of the speciesof insects set forth above comprising a perfume base and intimatelyadmixed therewith an alkyl cyclopentanone or phenyl alkanolderivative-containing composition having the structure: ##STR8## takenalone or in combination or in further combination with a mixture ofcycloalkanol derivatives having the structures: ##STR9## Such insectrepelling perfume bases can be prepared according to the teachings ofApplication for U.S. Letters Patent, Ser. No. 691,635 filed on Apr. 25,1991 (now abandoned), the specification for which is incorporated byreference herein.

The insect repelling articles containing the alkyl cyclopentanone orphenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions of our invention takenalone or further in combination with the mixture of cycloalkanolderivatives useful for repelling the insect species set forth, supra,may be produced according to processes set forth at columns 12, 13, 14and 15 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,860 issued on Jun. 7, 1988 thespecification of which is incorporated herein by reference.

In addition to using the field trap apparatus of our invention,olfactometer apparatus of, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,860 of Jun.7, 1988 may be used in testing the materials for their insectattractancy or repellency, for example, the apparatus of FIG. 14described in detail, infra.

Accordingly, the following Tables I-V(B), inclusive, show the results ofutilization of the olfactometer apparatus of FIG. 14 in testing for theattractancy or repellency of Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) andAedes aegypti using both (i) the cycloalkanol derivative-containingcomposition of matter of patent application Ser. No. 887,138 filed onMay 22, 1992 (versus bay leaf oil and clean air); and (ii) the alkylcyclopentanone or phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions ofour invention (versus clean air):

                  TABLE I                                                         ______________________________________                                        AEDES AEGYPTI                                                                 COMPOSITION                                                                   TESTED      INSECTS PER INTERVAL                                              ______________________________________                                        Air         0      275    375  417  373  359  321                             Bay Leaf Oil                                                                              0      4      5    14   0    1    1                               Cycloalkanol                                                                              0      1      0    0    0    0    0                               Derivative Contain-                                                           ing Composition of                                                            Parent Application,                                                           Serial No. 887,138                                                            filed on                                                                      May 22, 1992                                                                  ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE II                                                        ______________________________________                                        MUSCA DOMESTICA L.(DIPTERA:MUSCIDAE)                                          COMPOSITION TESTED                                                                             INSECTS PER INTERVAL                                         ______________________________________                                        Air              0     0     62   1   1   1   19                              Bay Leaf Oil     0     0     1    0   0   0   1                               Cycloalkanol     0     0     2    0   0   1   1                               derivative-                                                                   containing                                                                    composition                                                                   of Parent                                                                     Application,                                                                  Serial No.                                                                    887,138 filed                                                                 on May 22, 1992                                                               ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE III(A)                                __________________________________________________________________________    AEDES AEGYPTI (ONE HOUR)                                                      COMPOSITION TESTED                                                                            INSECTS PER INTERVAL                                          __________________________________________________________________________    Air             464                                                                              486                                                                              263                                                                              242                                                                              137                                                                              253                                            Compound having the structure:                                                                0  52 1  11 0  0  0                                            ##STR10##                                                                    Cycloalkanol derivative-                                                                      0  0  0  0  0  0  0 0                                         containing composition of                                                     Parent Application                                                            Ser. No. 887,138                                                              filed on May 22, 1992                                                         __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE III(B)                                __________________________________________________________________________    AEDES AEGYPTI (SIX HOURS)                                                     COMPOSITION TESTED                                                                              INSECTS PER INTERVAL                                        __________________________________________________________________________    Air               0 253                                                                              231                                                                              162                                                                              117                                                                              125                                                                              16                                         Composition having the structure:                                                               0 0  3  5  2  3  2                                           ##STR11##                                                                    Cycloalkanol derivative-containing                                                              0 0  0  0  0  0  0                                          composition of Parent Application,                                            Ser. No. 887,138 filed on May 22, 1992                                        __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE IV(A)                                 __________________________________________________________________________    AEDES AEGYPTI (ONE HOUR)                                                      COMPOSITION TESTED                                                                              INSECTS PER INTERVAL                                        __________________________________________________________________________    Air               0  4 93 213                                                                              77 25                                                                              28                                          Cycloalkanol derivative-containing                                                              0  5 0  0  0  0 0                                           composition of Parent Application,                                            Ser. No. 887,138                                                              filed on May 22, 1992                                                         Composition having the structure:                                                               0  4 7  0  2  37                                                                              1                                            ##STR12##                                                                    Composition having the structure:                                                               0  46                                                                              0  4  32 2 4                                            ##STR13##                                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE IV(B)                                 __________________________________________________________________________    AEDES AEGYPTI (SIX HOURS)                                                     COMPOSITION TESTED                                                                             INSECTS PER INTERVAL                                         __________________________________________________________________________    Air              0  29                                                                              134                                                                              95 242                                                                              186                                                                              289                                         Cycloalkanol derivative-containing                                                             0  0 0  1  0  0  0                                           composition of Parent Application,                                            Ser. No. 887,138                                                              filed on May 22, 1992                                                         Composition having the structure:                                                              0  1 3  1  0  1  0                                            ##STR14##                                                                    Composition having the structure:                                                              0  4 4  1  2  1  4                                            ##STR15##                                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE V(A)                                                      ______________________________________                                        AEDES AEGYPTI (ONE HOUR)                                                      COMPOSITION TESTED                                                                              INSECTS PER INTERVAL                                        ______________________________________                                        Air               0     86    79  30  114  17  16                             Compound having the structure:                                                                  0     36    0   0   0    0   0                               ##STR16##                                                                    ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE V(B)                                                      ______________________________________                                        AEDES AEGYPTI (TWELVE HOURS)                                                  COMPOSITION TESTED                                                                              INSECTS PER INTERVAL                                        ______________________________________                                        Air               0     30    43  50  20  23  156                             Compound having the structure:                                                                  0     0     12  7   3   1   0                                ##STR17##                                                                    ______________________________________                                    

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the semiochemical field trap for bloodfeeding arthropods of our invention.

FIG. 1A is a perspective schematic diagram of the axes in threedimensions used in defining the directional vectors and directions withwhich the apparatus of our invention is concerned.

FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the predecessor of one embodiment ofthe semiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of ourinvention (covered in parent application, Ser. No. 887,138 filed on May22, 1992).

FIG. 3 is a cut-away side elevation view of the embodiment of thesemiochemical field trap of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a top cut-away view of the apparatus of FIG. 2 taken alonglines 4--4.

FIG. 4A is a cut-away top view of a variation of the apparatus of FIG. 2where the light emitting diodes are located behind a translucent endcover of the horizontally disposed hollow housing means of theapparatus.

FIG. 5 is a cut-away top view of the apparatus of FIG. 2 taken alonglines 5--5.

FIG. 5A is a cut-away top view of a variation of the apparatus of FIG. 2showing a mesh screen covering the orifices of the gas transmissionmeans communicating between the void within the vertically disposedhollow housing means and the horizontally disposed hollow housing means.

FIG. 6 is a cut-away top view of the apparatus of FIG. 2 taken alonglines 6--6.

FIG. 7 is an electric circuitry diagram of the electric circuit used toactivate the radiation means 112A and 112B and 114A and 114B of FIG. 2.

FIG. 8 is a cut-away side elevation view of an embodiment of ahorizontally disposed hollow housing means useful in the apparatus ofFIGS. 2, 3 and 10.

FIG. 9 is a cut-away side elevation view of another embodiment ofhorizontally disposed hollow housing means used in the apparatus ofFIGS. 2, 3 and 10.

FIG. 10 is a cut-away side elevation view of a predecessor of a secondembodiment of the semiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropodsof our invention (covered in parent application, Ser. No. 887,138 filedon May 22, 1992).

FIG. 10A is a cut-away side elevation view, in detail, of that part ofthe apparatus of FIG. 10 which is concerned with the horizontallydisposed hollow housing means; and shows a variation wherein the lightemitting diode or laser diode is located behind a translucent endportion of the horizontally disposed hollow housing means.

FIG. 10B is a cut-away side elevation view of another embodiment of thehorizontally disposed hollow housing means illustrated in FIG. 10Awherein the radiation emission means is shown as a laser diode having adiffusion lens between the laser diode and the horizontally disposedhollow housing means translucent end section.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the circuitry useful in operating theapparatus of FIG. 10 using two separate switches; one for the radiationemission entering the horizontally disposed hollow housing means and theother for the radiation emission below the horizontally disposed hollowhousing means.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the circuitry for the apparatus ofFIG. 10 using a single switch for the radiation means as well as for themotor means useful in said apparatus of FIG. 10.

FIG. 13 is a bar graph showing a comparison of the field trial tests inthe semiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of ourinvention of repellents against mosquitoes, e.g., Aedes aegypti, Aedesalbopictus, Anopheles spp., Coquillettidia perturbans, Culiseta spp.,Culex spp., and Psorophora spp., comparing in combination with the useof infra-red light emitting diodes and carbon dioxide, air alone, bayleaf oil, the cycloalkanol derivative-containing composition of parentapplication, Ser. No. 887,138 filed on May 22, 1992 lavender oil andvetiver oil.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram (blown up for illustration purposes) oflaboratory olfactometer apparatus useful in ascertaining the efficacy ofthe cycloalkanol derivative-containing composition of parentapplication, Ser. No. 887,138 filed on May 22, 1992 as a repellent forhouse flies (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)) and Aedes aegyptiindicating in schematic block flow diagram form the utilization ofcomputer assisted efficacy measuring apparatus.

FIG. 14A is a detailed section of the apparatus of FIG. 14 showing aspecific landing site on which an insect lands if attracted by, forexample, the cycloalkanol derivative-containing composition of parentapplication, Ser. No. 887,138 filed on May 22, 1992 or does not land ifrepelled by the cycloalkanol derivative-containing composition of parentapplication, Ser. No. 887,138 filed on May 22, 1992.

FIG. 15 is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativerepellency of air, bay leaf oil and the cycloalkanolderivative-containing composition of parent application, Ser. No.887,138 filed on May 22, 1992. The graphs are based on experiments runfor a total of one hour with six intervals of 10 minutes each. Theresults are tabulated in Table II, infra. This series of graphs is forthe attractiveness or repellency as against house flies (Musca domesticaL. (Diptera:Muscidae)).

FIG. 16 is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for air, bay leaf oil or the cycloalkanolderivative-containing composition of parent application, Ser. No.887,138 filed on May 22, 1992 for or against Aedes aegypti. The graphsare based on experiments run for a period of one hour with six intervalsof 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in Table I, supra.

FIG. 17 is a side elevation view of one embodiment of the semiochemicalfield trap for blood feeding arthropods of our invention containinginternally-located radiation pulsing means.

FIG. 18 is a side elevation view of a second embodiment of thesemiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of our inventioncontaining internally-located radiation pulsing means.

FIG. 19 is a side elevation view of a third embodiment of thesemiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of our inventioncontaining externally-located radiation pulsing means.

FIG. 20 is a side elevation view of a fourth embodiment of thesemiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of our inventioncontaining internally-located radiation pulsing means.

FIG. 21 is top cut-away view of the apparatus of FIG. 17 taken alonglines 21--21.

FIG. 22 is a cut-away side elevation view in detail of the radiationpulsating means radiation source used in the apparatus of FIG. 18.

FIG. 23 is a top cut-away view of the apparatus of FIG. 19 taken alonglines 23--23.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram showing is perspective the radiationsource powered by radiation pulsating means for use in the apparatus ofFIG. 19 taken together with the radiation pulsating means locatedexternally from the apparatus of our invention. FIG. 25 is a perspectiveview of an ellipsoidally-shaped detergent tablet containing a solid corewhich includes fused foamed polymeric particles which contain insectrepellents which can be one of the alkyl cyclopentanone or phenylalkanolderivative-containing compositions of our invention and if desired alsocontaining an additional polymer, e.g., polyethylene. The polymerparticles may, if desired, also contain additional aromatizing agentsand insect repelling agents.

FIG. 26 is the top view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergent tablet ofFIG. 25.

FIG. 27 is a cut-away front view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergenttablet of FIG. 25 in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 26.

FIG. 28 is a side view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergent tablet ofFIG. 26.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a rectangular parallelpiped-shapeddetergent tablet containing a rectangular parallelpiped-shaped corecomprising a major proportion of fused foamed polymeric particles whichcontain insect repellents, (e.g., one or more of the alkylcyclopentanone or phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions ofour invention) and may or may not be aromatized and, if desired, anadditional polymer which may or may not contain insect repellentcompositions and which may or may not be aromatized.

FIG. 30 is a top view of the rectangular parallelpiped-shaped detergenttablet of FIG. 29.

FIG. 31 is a cut-away front view of the rectangular parallelpiped-shapeddetergent tablet of FIG. 29 looking in the direction of the arrows inFIG. 30.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of an ellipsoidally-shaped detergenttablet containing a hollow insect repellent agent (and, if desired, anaromatizing agent) containing core which includes fused foamed polymericparticles (the insect repellent and, if desired, the aroma impartingagent is in the solid polymer and not in the void of the plastic core).

FIG. 33 is a top view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergent tablet ofFIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is a front cut-away view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergenttablet of FIG. 32 looking in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 33, thecore thereof being hollow and either containing an insect repellentmaterial (and, if desired, an aroma imparting liquid) or in thealternative being a hollow core wherein the insect repellent material(and, if desired, the aroma imparting material) is in the solid fusedfoamed polymeric particles which make up the core and wherein the voiddoes not contain anything.

FIG. 35 is a bar graph showing a comparison of the field trial tests inthe semiochemical field trap of FIG. 1 for blood feeding arthropods ofour invention of repellence against mosquitoes and house flies, e.g.,Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae), Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus,Anopheles spp., Coquillettidia perturbans, Culiseta spp., Culex spp.,Psorophora spp., comparing in combination (with the use of pulsatinginfra-red light emitting diodes) air alone, the compound having thestructure: ##STR18## the compound having the structure: ##STR19## andthe mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR20##

FIG. 36(A) is a series of graphs depicting in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativerepellency of air, the compound having the structure: ##STR21## and themixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR22## The graphs arebased on experiments run for a total of one hour with six intervals often minutes each. The results are tabulated in Table III(A), infra. Thisseries of graphs is for the attractiveness or repellency as againstmosquitoes (Aedes aegypti).

FIG. 36(B) is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativerepellency of air, the compound having the structure: ##STR23## and themixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR24## The graphs arebased on experiments run for a total of six hours with six intervals ofone hour each. The results are tabulated in Table III(B), infra. Thisseries of graphs is for the attractiveness or repellency as againstmosquitoes (Aedes aegypti).

FIG. 37(A) is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativerepellency of air, the compound having the structure: ##STR25## thecompound having the structure: ##STR26## and the mixture of compoundshaving the structures: ##STR27## The graphs are based on experiments runfor a total of one hour with six intervals of ten minutes each. Theresults are tabulated in Table IV(A), infra. This series of graphs isfor the attractiveness or repellency as against mosquitoes (Aedesaegypti).

FIG. 37(B) is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativerepellency of air, the compound having the structure: ##STR28## thecompound having the structure: and the mixture of compounds having thestructures: ##STR29## The graphs are based on experiments run for atotal of six hours with six intervals of one hour each. The results aretabulated in Table IV(B), infra. This series of graphs is for theattractiveness or repellency as against mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti).

FIG. 38(A) is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativerepellency of air and the compound having the structure: ##STR30## ofour invention. The graphs are based on experiments run for a total ofone hour with six intervals of ten minutes each. The results aretabulated in Table V(A), infra. This series of graphs is for theattractiveness or repellency as against mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti).

FIG. 38(B) is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativerepellency of air and the compound having the structure: ##STR31## ofour invention. The graphs are based on experiments run for a total oftwelve hours with six intervals of two hours each. The results aretabulated in Table V(B), infra. This series of graphs is for theattractiveness or repellency as against mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring to FIGS. 1-12 and 17-24, the semiochemical field trap 100 forblood feeding arthropods is located in a three-space (as shown in FIG.1A) defined by a vertical "y" axis and horizontal "x" and "z" axes eachof which "x" and "z" axis is perpendicular to said "y" axis and each ofwhich "x" and "z" axis is perpendicular to one another. Thesemiochemical field trap 100 is shown in perspective view in FIG. 1,standing in a field on stand 280 held in cup 282.

Referring to the embodiment of the semiochemical field trap for bloodfeeding arthropods illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 4A, 5, 5A and 6 ofprior application Ser. No. 887,138 filed on May 22, 1992, such a fieldtrap comprises:

(1) an upright vertically disposed first hollow outer housing 102 havinga vertical axis parallel to and on the "y" axis, having substantiallyrigid arthropod-impermeable vertically disposed side walls 104encompassing and defining a first inner void 106 surrounded by said sidewalls and surrounding said "y" axis, said housing

(A) having a side wall upper terminal end (with circumference 144)located in a first "x-z" plane perpendicular to said "y" axis;

(B) having an upper arthropod-impermeable horizontal surface located insaid first "x-z" plane being entirely contiguous with said side wallupper terminal end (having circumference 144) said upper horizontalsurface (i) being substantially perpendicular to the vertical "y" axisof said hollow outer housing 102 and (ii) having an upper horizontalsurface vertically-directed aperture therethrough 108;

(C) having an upper circumferentially disposed outer housing sectionhaving outer surface area

    A.sub.uo ;

a middle circumferentially disposed outer housing section having outersurface area

    A.sub.mo ;

and a lower circumferentially disposed outer housing section havingouter surface area

    A.sub.lo

with the overall surface area of the outer housing

    A.sub.o

being related to the other surface areas, thusly:

    A.sub.o =A.sub.lo +A.sub.mo +A.sub.uo

with the overall surface area being indicated by reference numeral 142;the lower end of said upper outer housing section having acircumferential boundary B₁ with the upper end of said middle outerhousing section; and the lower end of said middle outer housing sectionhaving a circumferential boundary B₂ with the upper end of said lowerouter housing section;

(D) said upper outer housing section having a first horizontallyarranged set S₁ of apertures 110a and 110b therethrough and a secondhorizontally arranged set S₂ of apertures 112a and 112b therethrough,each of the apertures of set S₁ being located along a verticaldirectional vector

    .sub.S ;

parallel to the "y" axis, each of the apertures of set S₂ being locatedalong said vertical directional vector

    .sub.S ;

thereby enabling an aperture of set S₁ to correspond with an aperture ofset S₂ (for example, aperture 110a and aperture 112b) forming acorresponding aperture pair

    PP.sub.S:1-2

with each of said apertures being located along the same verticallydisposed directional vector

    .sub.S ,

each aperture in said first aperture set S₁, 110a and 110b being locatedalong a directional vector

    .sub.1

in a second "x-z" plane with said directional vector

    .sub.1

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically-disposed sidewalls 104 with

    .sub.1 ⊥ .sub.S

and each aperture in said second aperture set S₂ 112a and 112b beinglocated in a directional vector

    .sub.2

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically-disposed sidewalls, with

    .sub.2 ⊥ .sub.S

    and

    .sub.1 ∥ .sub.2 ;

(E) said middle outer housing section having a third horizontallyarranged set of apertures S₃ (indicated by reference numerals 114a and114b) at a location below and proximate said boundary B₁, each aperturein said third aperture set S₃ being located along a directional vector

    .sub.3

in a fourth "x-z" plane, said directional vector

    .sub.3

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls 104;

(2) extending outwardly from said first hollow outer housing 102, aplurality of horizontally disposed hollow housings 116a and 116b, witheach of said horizontally disposed hollow housings;

(A) having rigid arthropod (impermeable substantially horizontallydisposed side wall 118a;

(B) encompassing and defining a second inner void 120a;

(C) having a central axis located along a directional vector

    .sub.H,

wherein

    .sub.H

is located in a fifth "x-z" plane with

    .sub.H

being perpendicular to said "y" axis;

    .sub.H

being substantially parallel to vector

    .sub.1 ;

    .sub.H

being substantially parallel to

    .sub.2

    and

    .sub.2

being substantially perpendicular to

    .sub.S ;

(D) having a circumferential substantially disposed outer terminal endlocated in a first "y-x/z" plane 190;

(E) having a circumferentially substantially vertically disposed innerterminal end 180 located in a second "y-x/z" plane, said inner terminalend 180 (i) being circumferentially and sealably contiguous with anouter surface area section 142 of said upper first outer housingsection; and (ii) circumscribing an aperture pair

    PP.sub.S:1-2 ;

and

(F) having located in said second inner void 120a a fixedly-positionedgas stream activatable semiochemical-containing matrix 126 comprising aporous containment agent containing in the interstices thereof at leastone semiochemical sustainably releasable therefrom, with the matrixbeing supported by matrix support 128;

(4) one aperture of each of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ containing a tightly sealably fittedradiation means 122a which effects transmission of insect attractingradiation to the interior of said horizontally disposed hollow housing120a; the second aperture of each of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ being capable of conveying a gas from thefirst inner void 106 of said first vertically disposed hollow outerhousing 102 to the second inner void 120a of said horizontally disposedhousing 116a and 116b in a direction whereby a substantial portion ofthe gas stream (coming through tubing 88 [in FIG. 5A]) impinges uponsaid semiochemical-containing matrix 126; however, the semiochemicalmatrix may be supported in the gas transmission tubing as shown in FIG.5 where semiochemical matrix 127, 127a, 127x, 127y, 127z and 127b aresupported in tubing. The tubing can have a screen on its outer orifice(in the inner void of the horizontally disposed hollow housing 120a),the screen being indicated by reference numerals 198a and 198b; or theorifice may be protected by means of cotton plug 199a, 199b and 199c(shown in FIG. 5). In the alternative the orifice of tube 88 may beprotected from arthropods entering the inner void 106 using nylon meshshown in use in FIG. 5A with the nylon mesh being indicated by referencenumeral 98. Although shown to pierce the horizontally disposed hollowhousing 116a and 116b, the radiation means 122a (e.g., light emittingdiode) is preferably employed in back of the end surface plane 180 ofhorizontally disposed hollow housings 116a and 116b as shown in FIG. 4Awith the inner end of horizontally disposed hollow housing 116a and 116bbeing indicated by reference numeral 96 in FIG. 4A.

(5) each of the apertures of said aperture set S₃ (114a and 114b)containing a tightly sealably-fitted radiation means (e.g., lightemitting diode 122a) which transmits insect attracting radiation to alocation in the immediate vicinity of said semiochemical field trap 100;

(6) at least one power supply means 130 (e.g., one or two batteries or apower supply means necessary to operate a laser diode shown by referencenumeral 930 in FIG. 10B) associated with trap 100 energizing theradiation means 122a and 124a;

(7) air, 138 and/or carbon dioxide supply means 134, 136, for supplyingair and/or carbon dioxide into said first inner void 106 via saidvertically directed aperture 108 and then into said second inner void120a via at least one of the apertures of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ (e.g.,through tube 88, for example);

whereby on engagement of the power supply means 130 with said radiationmeans 122a and 124a and operation of said air 138 and/or carbon dioxidesupply means 134, 136, arthropods 160 in the vicinity of said trap areattracted by the activated radiation means 124a associated with apertureset S₃ and the gas emanating from said horizontally disposed hollowhousings 116a to a location so close to said trap 100 that in the eventthat an attracting semiochemical in said matrix 126 is detected by atleast one of said arthropods 160, said at least one of said arthropod160 will enter the said inner void 120a of the horizontally disposedhollow housing 116a, 116b counter-current the gas stream emanatingtherefrom and remain permanently entrapped therein. The trapping means140 facilitates trapping of the insects with the insects entering thehorizontally disposed hollow housings 116a and 116b through orifice 246.Furthermore, carbon dioxide coming from carbon dioxide source 134 (e.g.,dry ice held in a zippered bag) travels through line 136 and mixes withair 138 at mixing center 140. Optionally, trap 100 shown in FIG. 3 andin FIG. 2 may have a circular substantially planar shading means 132extending substantially in the first "x-z" plane outwardly from theimmediate vicinity of the circumference 144 of the first side wall upperterminal end.

The radiation means 124a preferably are located at a location in a "x-z"plane intermediate the radiation means 122a as shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 8, the trapping means can be a sticky trapping means140A located in plane 190 of the horizontally disposed hollow housings116a and 116b in FIGS. 2 and 3 or the horizontally disposed hollowhousings 216a and 216b in FIG. 10. The horizontally disposed hollowhousings may have a screen 148 surrounding orifice 146 as shown indetail in FIG. 9. Circuitry for the light emitting diode radiation means122a and 124a shown in FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 7 wherein the powersupply means is shown by reference numeral 130a and the switch to engagethe power supply means is shown by reference numeral 152a. The lightemitting diodes 122a, 122b and the like are shown by reference numerals12a, 12b, 12c (for the LED) and 13a, 13b and 13c (for resistorsassociated with said LED's). The light emitting diode circuitry for LED124a of set S₃ is shown by reference numerals 14a, 14 b and 14c for theLED's and reference numerals 15a, 15b and 15c for resistors associatedwith said LED's.

With regard to the present invention which is an improvement on theaforementioned embodiment, radiation pulsating means (e.g., such as thatillustrated in FIGS. 22 and 24) are associated with the apparatus ofFIGS. 2, 3, 4, 4A, 5, 5A and 6.

Hence, additional radiation means can be located within said verticallydisposed inner void 106 for conveying insect attracting radiationthrough substantially each of said gas transmission apertures ofaperture set S₁ (110a and 110b) and/or aperture set S₂ (112a and 112b).

Furthermore, radiation pulsing means shown in FIGS. 22 or 24 isconnected to any or all of the radiation means causing the insectattracting radiation to have a frequency mimicking insect wing beatand/or insect visual sensing frequencies. Thus, referring to FIG. 3,radiation pulsating means of FIG. 22 can be located in inner void 106emitting pulsating radiation through tubes 88 into voids 120a and 120b.Thus, strobelight unit 1205 being held by holder 1209 containsstrobelight tube 1203 connected via electronic components 1201 to powersource 130. The strobelight tube 1203 emits pulsating radiation throughholes 1207 and then through tube 88.

FIG. 10 sets forth a second embodiment of the semiochemical field trap200 for blood feeding arthropods of prior application Ser. No. 887,138filed on May 22, 1992 which is located in a 3-space defined by avertical "y" axis and horizontal "x" and "z" axes each of which "x" and"z" axis is perpendicular to said "y" axis and each of which "x" and "z"axis is perpendicular to one another (with the axes shown in FIG. 1A)comprising:

(1) a first upright vertically-disposed hollow outer housing 202 havinga vertical central axis parallel to and/or on said "y" axis, having anouter surface area

    A.sub.o

having substantially rigid arthropod-impermeable first verticallydisposed side walls 204 encompassing and defining a first inner void206, said housing:

(A) having a first side wall upper terminal end (having circumferentialupper edge 244) located in a first "x-z" plane perpendicular to said "y"axis and a first side wall lower terminal end 275 located in a second"x-z" plane perpendicular to said "y" axis oppositely juxaposed withrespect to said first side wall upper terminal end 245;

(B) having a first upper arthropod-impermeable horizontal surface 243located in said first "x-z" plane and being entirely contiguous withsaid upper first side wall terminal end 245; said upper horizontalsurface 243 (i) being substantially perpendicular to the vertical "y"axis of said hollow outer housing 202 and (ii) having a first upperhorizontal surface vertically directed aperture 208 of effectivediameter

    D.sub.u

therethrough;

(C) having a lower arthropod impermeable horizontal surface 277 locatedin said second "x-z" plane and being entirely contiguous with said firstside wall lower terminal end 275, said lower horizontal surface (i)being substantially perpendicular to the vertical axis of said firsthollow outer housing 202 and (ii) having a lower horizontal surfacevertically disposed aperture 271 of effective diameter

    D.sub.l

therethrough wherein

    D.sub.l

is substantially greater than

    D.sub.u

(D) having an upper circumferentially disposed first outer housingsection having outer surface area

    A.sub.uo

and a lower circumferentially disposed first outer housing sectionhaving outer surface area

    A.sub.lo

    with

    A.sub.o =A.sub.lo +A.sub.uo

said lower first outer housing section having a first horizontallyarranged set S₁ of apertures 210a therethrough and a second horizontallyarranged set S₂ of apertures 212a therethrough, each of the apertures ofsaid set S₁ being located along a vertical directional vector

    .sub.S

parallel to the "y" axis and each of the apertures of set S₂ beinglocated along said vertical directional vector

    .sub.S

parallel to the "y" axis thereby enabling an aperture 210a of apertureset S₁ to correspond with an aperture 212a of aperture set S₂ forming acorresponding aperture pair

    PP.sub.S:1-2

with each of the apertures 210a and 212a being located along the samevertically disposed directional vector

    .sub.S

each aperture in said first set S₁ being located along the horizontallydisposed directional vector

    .sub.1

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls; with

    .sub.1 ⊥ .sub.S

and each aperture 212a in said second aperture set S₂ being located in adirectional vector

    .sub.2

in a fourth "x-z" plane, said directional vector

    .sub.2

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls 204, with

    .sub.2 ⊥ .sub.S

the lower end of said upper outer housing section being the upper end ofsaid lower outer housing section at a boundary B₁ located in a fifth"x-z" plane parallel to said first, second, third and fourth "x-z"plane;

(2) a second upright vertically disposed hollow inner housing 276substantially coaxial with said first hollow outer housing 202 saidinner housing 276 being partially circumscribed by said outer housing202;

(A) having an upper circumferentially disposed outer section having area

    A.sub. u

located within said outer housing 202; a middle circumferentiallydisposed outer housing section having area

    A.sub. m

located immediately below the lower end of said outer housing, and alower circumferentially disposed section having area

    A.sub. l

located immediately below said middle section with

    A.sub. =A.sub. u +A.sub. l +A.sub. m

the lateral boundary between said upper section and said middle sectionbeing located at boundary B₂ in said second "x-z" plane, said lateralboundary B₂ being coplanar with and parallel to said first side walllower terminal end 275;

(B) having rigid arthropod-impermeable second vertically disposed sidewalls 278;

(C) having a second side wall upper terminal end 1275 located in saidfifth "x-z" plane substantially coplanar with said boundary B₁ ;

(D) having a second upper arthropod-impermeable horizontal surface 1243located in said fifth "x-z" plane and being entirely contiguous withsaid second side wall upper terminal end 1275; substantially coplanarwith said boundary B₁, said second upper horizontal surface 1243 being afinite distance

    D.sub.1-2

below said first upper horizontal surface 243, said second upperhorizontal surface 1243 having a vertically directed aperture 1208therethrough substantially coaxial with the vertical "y" axis of saidsecond hollow inner housing 276; and

(E) having a third horizontally arranged set of apertures S₃ (indicatedby reference numeral 214a) at a location below and proximate saidboundary B₂, each aperture 214a in said third set S₃ being located alonga directional vector

    .sub.3

in a sixth "x-z" plane, said directional vector

    .sub.3

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls 278;

(F) the outer surface of said inner housing being sealably fitted atboundary B₂ within and circumferentially contiguous with the innercircumferentially edge of the lower horizontal surface verticallydisposed aperture 271 of said hollow outer housing 202;

(3) extending outwardly from said first hollow outer housing 202, aplurality of horizontally disposed hollow housings 216a and 216b, witheach of said horizontally disposed hollow housings 216a and 216b;

(A) having rigid arthropod (impermeable horizontally disposed side walls218a;

(B) encompassing and defining a second inner void 220a;

(C) having a central axis located along a directional vector

    .sub.H

wherein

    .sub.H

is located in a seventh "x-z" plane with

    .sub.H,

being perpendicular to said "y" axis;

    .sub.H

being substantially parallel to vector

    .sub.1

    .sub.H

being substantially parallel to

    .sub.2 ;

    and

    .sub.H

being substantially perpendicular to

    .sub.S ;

(D) having a circumferential substantially vertically disposed outerterminal end 241 located in a first "y-x/z" plane;

(E) having a circumferential substantially vertically disposed innerterminal end 296 oppositely juxtaposed to said vertically disposed outerterminal end 241 located in a second "y-x/z" plane, said inner terminalend 296 (i) being sealably contiguous with an outer surface section 242of said lower first outer housing section 202 and (ii) circumscribing anaperture pair

    PP.sub.S:1-2

(indicated by reference numerals 210a and 212a;

(F) having located in said second inner void 220aa fixedly-positionedgas stream-activatable semiochemical-containing matrix 226 comprising aporous containment agent containing in the interstices thereof at leastone semiochemical substantially releasable therefrom (with the matrixbeing supported by matrix support 220 extending from outer terminal end241; and

(G) having arthropod 260 entrapment means 240 (e.g., a sticky substance)located substantially within said second inner void 220a;

(4) one aperture 210a or 212a of each of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ containing a tightly sealably fittedradiation means 222a (e.g., a light emitting diode or a laser diode)which effects transmission of insect-attracting radiation to theinterior 220a of said horizontally disposed hollow housing 216a, 216b;the second aperture of each of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ being capable of conveying a gas (e.g.,through tube 288 protectively screened by nylon mesh 298) of said firstvertically disposed hollow outer housing 202 to the second inner void220a of said horizontally disposed outer housing 216a, 216b, in adirection whereby a substantial portion of the gas stream impinges uponsaid semiochemical containing matrix 226;

(5) each of the apertures of said aperture set S₃ (indicated byreference numeral 214a) containing a tightly sealably fitted radiationmeans 224a (e.g., a light emitting diode which may be blue light, greenlight or infra-red radiation) which transmits insect attractingradiation to a location in the immediate vicinity of said semiochemicalfield trap 200;

(6) a substantially vertically disposed driver shaft 272 coaxial withsaid "y" axis supported for rotary motion about its axis, extending fromwithin said second upright vertically disposed hollow inner housingbelow the bottom at boundary B₂ of said upright vertically disposedhollow pouter housing 202, through said vertically directed aperture1208 of said second upper horizontal surface 1243 of said second uprightvertically disposed hollow inner housing 276, into said first inner void206 of said first upright hollow outer housing 202, along thelongitudinal dimension of said second upright hollow inner housing 276and along the longitudinal dimension of said first upright hollow outerhousing 202;

(7) motor means 270 connected to a first lower end of said drive shaft272 for rotating said drive shaft 272 about its axis;

(8) air flow creation means attached to a second upper end of said driveshaft (e.g., a propeller 274), being of such a design whereby therotation of said drive shaft 272 directly causes the rotation of saidair flow creation means 274 and induces the flow of air downwardlythrough said first upper horizontal surface vertically directed aperture208 into and through said first inner void 206, and then through oneaperture of each of said aperture pairs

    PP.sub.s:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ into and through each of said second innervoids 220a of each of said horizontally disposed hollow housings 216a,216b; and

(9) at least one power supply means (e.g., batteries 230) associatedwith said trap 200, energizing said radiation means 222a and 224a andsaid motor means 270;

whereby on engagement of the power supply means 230 with said motormeans 270 and said radiation means 222a and 224a, arthropods 260 in thevicinity of said trap 200 are attracted by the radiation meansassociated with aperture set S₃, 224a and gas emanating from the outerterminal end 241 of said horizontally disposed hollow housings 216a,216b to a location so close to said trap that in the event that anattracting semiochemical in said matrix 226 is detected by at least oneof said arthropods 260, said at least one arthropod will enter saidsecond inner void 220a of said horizontally disposed hollow innerhousing 216a, 216b counter-current to the gas stream emanating therefromand remain permanently entrapped therein, e.g., using trapping means240. The carbon dioxide source can be solid dry ice enclosed in azippered bag as indicated by reference numeral 234 and may be passedthrough line 236 mixing with air coming from air line 238 at mixingpoint 240. The mixture of air and CO₂ is then passed into the firstinner vertically disposed hollow housing void 206.

With regard to the present invention which is an improvement on theaforementioned FIG. 10 embodiment, preferred embodiments of which areillustrated in FIGS. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 23, radiation pulsatingmeans (for example, as illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 24) are associatedwith such apparatus.

Hence, additional radiation means (2203 in FIG. 17; 1203 in FIG. 18; and3201 and 3202 in FIG. 19) can be located within said vertically disposedinner void 206 for conveying insect attracting radiation throughsubstantially each of said gas transmission apertures of aperture set S₁and/or aperture set S₂.

Furthermore, radiation pulsing means shown in FIGS. 22 and 24 connectedto one or more radiation means cause the insect attracting radiation tohave a frequency mimicking insect wing beat frequencies and/or insectvisual sensing frequencies.

More specifically, strobelight tube 2203 is located in closed box unit2205 in FIG. 17. The radiation therefrom is emitted through holes 2207in the apparatus of FIG. 17 (referred to as unit 2000). The circuitrypowering the strobelight tube is indicated by reference numeral 2201.FIG. 17 is also shown in detail by reference to FIG. 21, the topcut-away view of FIG. 17 taken along lines 21--21. Thus, the radiationemitted by strobelight tube 2203 through holes 2207 is emitted throughtube 88 into the horizontally disposed hollow housing means 116a and116b.

Strobelight tube 1203 located in strobelight unit 1205 in the apparatusof FIG. 18 (indicated by reference numeral 1000) is shown in detail inFIG. 22. Strobelight tube 1203 emits pulsating radiation as a result ofpulsating radiation power emitted via electronic components 1201. Thesaid pulsating radiation from strobelight tube 1203 is emitted throughholes 1207. The strobelight box 1205 is affixed to the ceiling of unit1000 via holders 1209. Simultaneously with the emission of pulsatingradiation from strobelight unit 1205, gas through gas passages 1260 isforced into the horizontally disposed hollow outer housings.

Referring to FIG. 19 which illustrates unit 3000, the strobelight powerunit is external to the vertically disposed hollow void. Circuitry andstrobelight (combined) 3201 emits radiation through fiber optic assembly3202 through connection 3212 into suspended ring light assembly 3216wherefrom as shown in FIG. 24, pulsating radiation is emitted throughholes 3217 located in suspended ring 3216. The fiber optic strands areindicated by reference numerals 3212a and 3202 (on the outside of unit3000). FIG. 23 is a cut-away top view of the apparatus of FIG. 19looking in the direction of the arrows 23--23. Thus, the radiationemitted from 3214b and 3214a passes through tubes 88 into thehorizontally disposed hollow housing voids 116a and 116b.

Referring to FIG. 20, (indicated by reference numeral 4000), diode bulbs4122a and 4122b are connected via electronic circuitry 4201 throughwires 4250 to radiation pulsing means. Thus, instead of using an actual"strobelight", the radiation pulsing means will cause radiation emittedfrom diodes 4122a and 4122b to pulse at specific frequencies between 50and 400 Herz.

Optionally, trap 200 may have a circular substantially planar shadingmeans 232 extending substantially in said first "x-z" plane outwardlyfrom the immediate vicinity of the circumference 244 of said first sidewall upper terminal end 245.

FIG. 10A sets forth in detail a cut-away side elevation view of ahorizontally disposed hollow outer housing embodiment useful with theapparatus of our invention as embodied in FIGS. 2, 3 and 10. In FIG.10A, gas emanating from tube 288 covered with mesh 298 impinges uponsemiochemical containing matrix 226 which causes evolution of anattractant or a repellent. If an attractant is evolved, blood feedingarthropods 260 are attracted into the horizontally disposed housing.Radiation from LED 922a is emitted from behind inner surface 296 of thehorizontally disposed hollow housing with the inner surface 296 beingtranslucent so that the radiation is diffused from the entire surface296 into the inner void of the hollow outer housing. Radiation from LED222a is emitted to further attract arthropods 260 into the area of thetrap.

FIG. 10B shows in detail another embodiment of the horizontally disposedhollow housing using instead of a LED a laser diode 922. Between thelaser diode and the inner surface of the horizontally disposed hollowhousing 997 is a diffusion lens 923 for the laser diode 922. The laserdiode 922 is powered using power source 930 and laser circuitry 931. Thelaser diode preferably emits CO₂ wave length radiation, e.g.,approximately 960 nanometers. Air evolved from tube 988 screened withnylon mesh screen 998 (to prevent arthropods from travelling throughtube 988 from the inner void of the horizontally disposed housingimpinges upon semiochemical-containing matrix 926. If a repellent isevolved from semiochemical matrix 926, then arthropods are trapped inthe hollow outer housing, for example, on sticky surface 940a.

FIGS. 11 and 12 set forth the circuitry for the motor means andradiation means circuits for the apparatus of the embodiment of FIG. 10.An embodiment shown in FIG. 11 shows the use of two separate switches;whereby, switch 252b will cause the engagement of power with diodes412a, 412b and 412c associated with resistors 413a, 413b and 413c,respectively. Switching on switch 252a will activate motor means 270b aswell as diodes 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 312e and 312f associated withresistors 313a, 313b, 313c, 313d, 313e and 313f.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 12 shows the use of one switch 252 whichwill activate diodes 612a, 612b and 612c associated with resistors 613a,613b and 613c as well as diodes 512a, 512b, 512c, 512d, 512e and 512fassociated with resistors 513a, 513b, 513c, 513d, 513e and 513f,respectively, along with motor means 270a using power supply source230a. The power supply source in FIG. 11 is shown by reference numeral230b.

The bar graph of FIG. 13 shows the employment of the apparatus of FIG.10 in testing the attractancy or repellency of various materials. It isshown that the mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR32##repels mosquitoes as shown by a low mean of bar graph 803. Thisrepellency is similar to the repellency effect on mosquitoes of bay leafoil shown by bar graph 802. On the other hand bar graph 801 (for cleanair) shows attractancy for mosquitoes as do bar graphs 804 (lavenderoil) and 805 (vetiver oil).

The data shown in FIG. 13 is confirmed using a laboratory olfactometerof FIGS. 14 and 14A. This data is set forth in FIGS. 15 and 16. In FIG.15, Musca Domestica L. (Diptera Muscidae) is shown to be attracted byclean air (the graph indicated by reference numeral 811) and is shown tobe repelled by the mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR33##(shown by graph 813) and are shown to be repelled by bay leaf oil (asshown in the graph indicated by reference numeral 812).

In FIG. 16, clean air is shown to attract mosquitoes (as indicated bythe graph indicated by reference numeral 821). The mixture of compoundshaving the structures: ##STR34## is shown to repel mosquitoes asindicated by the graph indicated by reference numeral 823. Bay leaf oilis also indicated to repel mosquitoes as indicated by the graphindicated by reference numeral 822.

The bar graph of FIG. 35 shows the employment of the apparatus of FIG.17 in testing the attractancy or repellency of various materials. It isshown that the mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR35##repels mosquitoes as shown by a low mean of bar graph 1804. It is shownthat the compound having the structure: ##STR36## repels mosquitoes asshown by a low mean of bar graph 1803. It is shown that the compoundhaving the structures: ##STR37## repels mosquitoes as shown by a lowmean of bar graph 1802. On the other hand bar graph 1801 (for clean air)shows attractancy for mosquitoes.

The data shown in FIG. 35 is confirmed using a laboratory olfactometerof FIGS. 14 and 14A. This data is set forth in FIGS. 36A, 36B, 37A, 37B,38A and 38B. In FIG. 36A Aedes aegypti is shown to be attracted by cleanair (the graph indicated by reference numeral 2801 and is shown to berepelled by the compound having the structure: ##STR38## (shown by graph2803) and by the mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR39##(shown by graph 2806.

In FIG. 36B, Aedes aegypti is shown to be attracted by clean air (thegraph indicated by reference numeral 2811) and is shown to be repelledover a period of six hours by the compound having the structure:##STR40## (shown by the graph indicated by reference numeral 2813) andthe mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR41## (shown by thegraph indicated by reference numeral 2815).

In FIG. 37A, Aedes aegypti is shown to be attracted by clean air (thegraph indicated by reference numeral 3801); is shown to be repelled bythe compound having the structures: ##STR42## (the graph indicated byreference numeral 3805); is shown to be repelled by the compound havingthe structure: (the graph indicated by reference numeral 3807) and isshown to be repelled by the mixture of compounds having the structures:##STR43## (the graph indicated by reference numeral 3803). In FIG. 37B,Aedes aegypti is shown to be attracted by clean air (the graph indicatedby reference numeral 3811); and is shown to be repelled by the mixtureof compounds having the structures: ##STR44## (the graph indicated byreference numeral 3813); is shown to be repelled by the compound havingthe structure: ##STR45## (the graph indicated by reference numeral 3815)and is shown to be repelled by the compound having the structure:##STR46## (the graph indicated by reference numeral 3817). In FIG. 38A,Aedes aegypti is shown to be attracted by clean air (the graph indicatedby reference numeral 4813) and is shown to be repelled by the compoundhaving the structure: ##STR47## (the graph indicated by referencenumeral 4811). In FIG. 38B, Aedes aegypti is shown to be attracted byclean air (the graph indicated by reference numeral 4803) and is shownto be repelled by the compound having the structure: ##STR48## (thegraph indicated by reference numeral 4801).

The olfactometer illustrated in FIG. 14 and the olfactometer sectionillustrated in FIG. 14A are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,860 issuedon Jun. 7, 1988 the specification for which is incorporated herein byreference.

In FIG. 14, air source 734 feeds air through line 735 through airdistributors 736, 736a, et seq. onto base plate 717 containing insectlanding sites 710, 710a, et seq. The base plate 717 is separated fromthe spacer plate 729 for the air lines 736, 736a, et seq. whereby theair lines 736, 736a, et seq. are held in place at positions 731 and731a. Air exists through line 733a using exhaust fan 733. Theolfactometer is assisted with computer apparatus shown in schematic formand block flow diagram form using reference numerals 720, 721, 723, 724and 739. Dampers 711a, 711b, et seq. hold base plate 717 in placehorizontally. When an insect lands on sensor landing site 710, 710a etseq. the landing is recorded electrically through a sensor shown inmagnified form in FIG. 14A. The sensor landing site includes atransducer 713 and causes an electrical impulse to proceed through wire718 and then through wire 719 to a multi-channel A-D converter 723(using electric power source 739) which is associated with program tapestorage 724, printer 720 and digital computer which is associated withmodem and main frame 721. Reference numeral 722 shows a "Faraday" cagecompleting the olfactometer circuit. The electrical impulse thus effectsa recording of data as set forth in FIGS. 15 and 16.

FIG. 14A is a detailed section showing one specific landing site 710a ofFIG. 14 on which the insect lands if attracted by one of the alkylcyclopentanone or phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions ofour invention taken alone or in admixture with the cycloalkanolderivative-containing composition containing compounds having thestructures: ##STR49## or does not land if repelled by, for example, oneof the alkyl cyclopentanone or phenylalkanol derivative-containingcompositions of our invention having the structures: ##STR50## takenalone or in admixture with the mixture of compounds having thestructures: ##STR51## which is also located at specific landing sites.At other landing sites nothing is located (and these are the "control"landing sites). At other sites, a second repellent can be located, e.g.,the bay leaf oil or an attractant can be located. The olfactometerincludes a base 781 on which the damper 711a, 711b, et seq. are located,namely base 781. Base plate 717 is preferably covered with a film suchas SARAN WRAP® 725 so that any insects that are attracted to the landingsites are not distracted to any other areas on base plate 717.

A preferred embodiment of our invention involves the use of articles setforth in FIGS. 25-34 which comprises an ellipsoidally-shaped detergenttablet 830 containing a solid plastic core 832 which can be fabricatedfrom, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon or any polymercapable of having therein microvoids from which an insect repellingsubstance, e.g., the compound having the structure: ##STR52## thecompound having the structure: ##STR53## will be controllablytransported from the plastic core into and through the soap cake over areasonable period of time during the use of the soap cake (as when theuser washes skin with said soap cake). Such polymers can be microporouspolymers such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,247,498 issued onJan. 27, 1981, the specification for which is incorporated herein byreference. Surrounding the central plastic core containing insectrepellent 832 is detergent 830' which is in the solid phase at ambientconditions, e.g., room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Examples ofworkable detergents 830' are "elastic" detergents such as thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,181,632 issued on Jan. 1, 1980, thedisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, or"transparent" soaps such as those set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,293issued on Aug. 21, 1979, the disclosure of which is incorporated hereinby reference. Other examples of the detergent 830' useful in ourinvention are those set forth as "variegated soaps" in Canadian LettersPatent No. 1,101,165 issued on May 19, 1981, the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference.

On use of the soap tablet 830 or detergent bar, the insect repellentagent, e.g., the compound having the structure: ##STR54## or thecompound having the structure: ##STR55## originally located in theplastic core 832 is transported at a steady state from core 832 throughcore surface 831 through the detergent 830' and finally through thesurface of the detergent bar at, for example, 833, 834, 835 and 836.

The detergent bar or tablet 830 of our invention may be of any geometricshape, for example, a rectangular parallelpiped tablet as shown in FIGS.29, 30 and 31 containing solid plastic core 839. The insect repellentlocated in solid plastic core 839 on use of the detergent bar passesthrough at steady state, surface 837 of FIG. 31, detergent 838 andfinally the surface of the detergent 838 at, for example, locations 841,842, 843 and 844. The environment surrounding the detergent bar on usethereof is then treated with insect repellent, e.g., the compound havingthe structure: ##STR56## or the compound having the structure: ##STR57##at locations 841, 842, 843 and 844, for example.

As shown in FIGS. 32, 33 and 34, the plastic core of the detergenttablet 830 may have a single finite void at its center 851 (of FIGS. 33and 34) in which the insect repellent agent and optionally thearomatizing agent is contained. The plastic core then is a shell 848having outer surface 852 (shown in FIGS. 33 and 34). The insectrepellent agent (and optionally the aromatizing agent) contained in thevoid in the plastic core permeates through shell 848, past surface 852at a steady state, through the detergent 847 into the environment at,for example, 856, 857, 858 and 859.

In addition to the insect repellent contained in the core, e.g., core839 or core void, the core can also contain other materials fortherapeutic use, for example, bacteriostats, deodorizing agents and thelike which are compatible with insect repellents such as the compoundhaving the structure: ##STR58## or the compound having the structure:##STR59## or mixtures of said compounds with the mixture of compoundshaving the structures: ##STR60## of our invention. In the alternative,the plastic core of the detergent tablet of FIGS. 32, 33 and 34 may havean empty single finite void at its center 851 with the insect repellentcontained in the shell 848.

At the end of the use of the detergent tablet (e.g., using it in awashing machine, for example) the hollow core or the solid core can beused as an insect repelling and aroma imparting or air freshenerhousehold article. In addition, depending on the ratio of the volume ofthe void 851, to the solid part of the detergent tablet of FIGS. 32, 33and 34, the detergent tablet of FIGS. 32, 33 and 34 can be so fabricatedthat it will float on the surface of the liquid in which it is beingused and this physical attribute has certain obvious advantages.

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiochemical field trap for blood feedingarthropods located in a 3-space defined by a vertical "y" axis andhorizontal "x" and "z" axes each of which "x" and "z" axis isperpendicular to said "y" axis and each of which "x" and "z" axis isperpendicular to one another comprising:(1) upright vertically disposedhollow housing means:(A) having arthropod-impenetrable vertical sidewall means defining a vertically disposed inner void; (B) having anupper terminal end means provided with gas entry means; (C) having andpiercing said side wall means, at least two horizontally-disposedseparate sets of apertures including an aperture set S₁ and an apertureset S₂ with aperture set S₁ being vertically distant from, andsubstantially adjacent to aperture set S₂ ; with a first set ofapertures of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ being gas transmission aperturescontaining gas transmission means and a second set of apertures ofaperture sets S₁ and S₂ having first radiation means sealably insertedtherethrough; (2) horizontally disposed hollow housing means:(A) havingsubstantially horizontally disposed arthropod-impenetrable side wallsdefining horizontally disposed inner void means; (B) having oppositelyjuxtaposed inner and outer open terminal end means; the inner terminalend means being circumferentially sealably contiguous with a portion ofthe outer surface of said vertical side wall means of said uprighthousing means which portion circumscribes a section of said verticalside wall means including at least one aperture of said S₁ and at leastone aperture of said S₂, one of said apertures being a gas transmissionaperture containing gas transmission means and the other of saidapertures having sealably contained therethrough radiation means; (C)having incorporated into the inner structure thereof, arthropodentrapment means; and (D) having sustainably releasable insectattractant or repellent semiochemical substance means located within (i)said horizontally disposed inner void means or (ii) said gastransmission means; (3) gas transmission effecting means for causingconveyance of a gas through said gas entry means, into and through saidvertically disposed inner void, through a gas transmission aperture ofaperture set S₁ or of aperture set S₂, into and through saidhorizontally disposed inner void means and into the environmentsurrounding said field trap; (4) second radiation means located withinsaid vertically disposed inner void for conveying insect attractingradiation through substantially each of said gas transmission aperturesof aperture set S₁ and/or aperture set S₂ ; (5) radiation pulsing meansconnected to said first radiation means and/or said second radiationmeans causing said first insect attracting radiation and/or said secondinsect attracting radiation to have a frequency mimicking insect wingbeat and/or insect visual sensing frequencies; (6) at least one powersupply means associated with said trap at least energizing said firstand second radiation means and said radiation pulsing means;whereby onengagement of the power supply means with said radiation means andradiation pulsing means and simultaneous activation of said gastransmission effecting means, blood feeding arthropods in the vicinityof said trap are attracted by (i) activated radiation emitted by saidfirst and said second radiation means and (ii) gas emanating from theouter open terminal end means of said horizontally disposed hollowhousing means to a location so close to said trap that in the event thatan attracting semiochemical in said sustainably releasable substancemeans is detected and attracts at least one of said arthropods, at leastone of said arthropods will enter said horizontally disposed inner voidmeans counter-current to the flow of said emanating gas and will remainpermanently entrapped therein.
 2. A semiochemical field trap of claim 1for blood feeding arthropods located in a 3-space defined by a vertical"y" axis and horizontal "x" and "z" axis, each of which "x" and "z" axisis perpendicular to said "y" axis and each of which "x" and "z" axis isperpendicular to one-another comprising:(1) upright vertically disposedhollow housing means:(A) having arthropod-impenetrable vertical sidewall means defining a vertically disposed inner void; (B) having anupper terminal end means provided with gas entry means; (C) having, andpiercing said side wall means, three horizontally-disposed separate setsof apertures, set S₁, set S₂ and set S₃ located in separate parallel"x-z" planes, set S₁ being in an upper level "x-z" plane; set S₂ beingin a middle level "x-z" plane; and set S₃ being in a lower level "x-z"plane, with aperture set S₁ being vertically distant from, andsubstantially adjacent to aperture set S₂ ; with apertures of aperturesets S₁ and S₂ being gas transmission apertures or having firstradiation means sealably inserted therethrough and with aperture set S₃having second radiation means sealably inserted therethrough; (2)horizontally disposed hollow housing means;(A) having substantiallyhorizontally disposed arthropod impenetrable side walls defininghorizontally disposed inner void means; (B) having oppositely juxtaposedinner and outer terminal end means; the inner end means beingcircumferentially sealably contiguous with a portion of the outersurface of said vertical side wall means of said upright housing means,which portion circumscribes a section of said vertical side wall meansincluding an aperture "A_(1i) " of set S₁ and an aperture "A_(2i) " ofset S₂, one of said apertures being a gas transmission aperture and theother of said apertures having sealably contained therethrough saidfirst radiation means; an aperture of said aperture set S₃ being belowand in the proximity of the lowermost location of the circumference ofsaid inner end means; (C) having incorporated into the inner structurethereof, arthropod entrapment means; and (D) having a sustainablyreleasable insect attractant or repellent semiochemical substance meanslocated within said horizontally disposed inner void means; (3) gastransmission means for causing conveyance of a gas selected from thegroup consisting of air and carbon dioxide through said gas entry means,into and through said vertically disposed inner void, through a gastransmission aperture of aperture set S₁ or of aperture set S₂, into andthrough said horizontally disposed inner void means and into theenvironment surrounding said field trap; (4) third radiation meanslocated within said vertically disposed hollow housing means insubstantially the same "x-z" plane as gas transmission aperture sets S₁or S₂, for conveying insect attracting radiation through substantiallyeach of said gas transmission apertures of aperture set S₁ and/oraperture S₂ ; (5) radiation pulsing means connected to said firstradiation means and/or said second radiation means and/or said thirdradiation means causing said first insect attractant radiation and/orsaid second insect attracting radiation and/or said third insectattracting radiation to have a frequency mimicking insect wing beatand/or insect visual sensing frequencies; (6) at least one power supplymeans associated with said trap at least energizing each of said firstradiation means and/or said second radiation means and/or said thirdradiation means and said radiation pulsing means;whereby on engagementof the power supply means with each of said first radiation means and/orsaid second radiation means and/or said third radiation means and saidradiation pulsing means, and simultaneous activation of said gastransmission means, arthropods in the vicinity of said trap areattracted by (i) activated radiation emitted by each of said firstradiation means and/or said second radiation means and/or said thirdradiation means associated with aperture sets S₁ and/or S₂ and/or S₃and/or (ii) gas emanating from the outer terminal end means of saidhorizontally disposed hollow housing means to a location so close tosaid trap that in the event that an attracting semiochemical in saidsustainably releasable substance means is detected and attracts at leastone of said arthropods, one or more attracted arthropods will enter saidhorizontally disposed inner void means counter-current to the flow ofsaid emanating gas and will remain permanently entrapped therein.
 3. Asemiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of claim 1,located in a 3-space defined by a vertical "y" axis and horizontal "x"and "z" axis, each of which "x-z" axis is perpendicular to said "y" axisand each of which "x-z" axis is perpendicular to one another,comprising:(1) a first upright vertically disposed hollow outer housinghaving a vertical central axis parallel to and/or on said "y" axis,having an outer surface area

    A.sub.o

having substantially rigid arthropod-impermeable first verticallydisposed side walls encompassing and defining a first inner void, saidhousing;(A) having a first side wall upper terminal end located in afirst "x-z" plane perpendicular to said "y" axis and a first side walllower terminal and located in a second "x-z" plane perpendicular to said"y" axis oppositely justaposed with respect to said first side wallupper terminal end; (B) having a first upper arthropod impermeablehorizontal surface located in said first "x-z" plane and being entirelycontiguous with said upper first side wall terminal end; said upperhorizontal surface (i) being sustantially perpendicular to the vertical"y" axis of said hollow outer housing and (ii) having a first upperhorizontal surface vertically-directed aperture of effective diameter

    D.sub.u

therethrough; (C) having a lower arthropod impermeable horizontalsurface located in said second "x-z" plane and being entirely contiguouswith said first side wall lower terminal end, said lower horizontalsurface (i) being substantially perpendicular to the vertical axis ofsaid first hollow outer housing and (ii) having a lower horizontalsurface vertically disposed aperture of effective diameter

    D.sub.l

therethrough wherein

    D.sub.l

is substantially greater than

    D.sub.u ;

(D) having an upper circumferentially disposed first outer housingsection having outer surface area

    A.sub.uo

and a lower circumferentially disposed first outer housing sectionhaving outer surface area

    A.sub.lo

    with

    A.sub.o =A.sub.lo +A.sub.uo,

said lower first outer housing section having a first horizontallyarranged set S₁ of apertures therethrough, and a second horizontallyarranged set S₂ of apertures therethrough, each of the apertures of saidset S₁ being located along a vertical directional vector

    .sub.S

parallel to the "y" axis and each of the apertures of said set S₂ beinglocated along said vertical directional vector

    .sub.S

parallel to the "y" axis thereby enabling an aperture of said apertureset S₁ to correspond with an aperture of aperture set S₂ forming acorresponding aperture pair

    PP.sub.S:1-2

with each of the apertures being located along the same verticallydisposed directional vector

    .sub.S ,

each aperture in said first set S₁ being located along a horizontallydisposed directional vector

    .sub.1

in a third "x-z" plane, said directional vector

    .sub.1

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls; with

    .sub.1 ⊥ .sub.S

and each aperture in said second aperture set S₂ being located in adirectional vector

    .sub.2

in a fourth "x-z" plane, said directional vector

    .sub.2

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls, with

    .sub.2 ⊥ .sub.S ,

the lower end of said upper outer housing section being the upper end ofsaid lower outer housing section at a boundary "B₁ " located in a fifth"x-z" plane parallel to said first, second, third and fourth "x-z"planes; (2) a second upright vertically disposed hollow inner housingsubstantially coaxial with said first hollow outer housing, said innerhousing being partially circumscribed by said outer housing;(A) havingan upper circumferentially disposed outer section having area

    A.sub. u

located within said outer housing; a middle circumferentially disposedouter section having area

    A.sub. m

located immediately below the lower end of said outer housing, an alower circumferentially disposed section having area

    A.sub. l

located immediately below said middle section with

    A.sub. =A.sub. u +A.sub. l +A.sub. m,

the lateral boundary between said upper section and said middle sectionbeing located at boundary B₂ in said second "x-z" plane, said lateralboundary B₂ being coplanar with and parallel to said first side walllower terminal end; (B) having rigid arthropod-impermeable secondvertically disposed side walls; (C) having a second side wall upperterminal end located in said fifth "x-z" plane substantially coplanarwith said boundary B₁ ; (D) having a second upper arthropod-impermeablehorizontal surface located in said fifth "x-z" plane and being entirelycontiguous with said second side wall upper terminal end, substantiallycoplanar with said boundary B₁, said upper horizontal surface being afinite distance

    D.sub.1-2

below said first upper horizontal surface, said second upper horizontalsurface having a vertically directed aperture therethrough substantiallycoaxial with the vertical "y" axis of said second hollow inner housing;(E) having a third horizontally arranged set of apertures S₃ at alocation below and proximate said boundary B₂, each aperture in saidthird set S₃ being located along a directional vector

    .sub.3

in a sixth "x-z" plane, said directional vector

    .sub.3

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls; and (F) the outer surface of said inner housing being sealablyfitted within and circumferentially contiguous with the innercircumferential edge of the lower horizontal surface vertically disposedaperture of said hollow outer housing; (3) extending outwardly from saidfirst hollow outer housing, a plurality of horizontally disposed hollowhousings, with each of said horizontally disposed hollow housings:(A)having rigid arthropod-impermeable horizontally-disposed side walls; (B)encompassing and defining a second inner void; (C) having a central axislocated along a directional vector

    .sub.H

wherein

    .sub.H

is located in a seventh "x-z" plane with

    .sub.H

being perpendicular to said "y" axis;

    .sub.H

being substantially parallel to vector

    .sub.1 ;

    .sub.H

being substantially parallel to

    .sub.2 ;

    and

    .sub.H

being substantially perpendicular to

    .sub.S ;

(D) having a circumferential substantially vertically disposed outerterminal end located in a first "y-x/z" plane; (E) having acircumferential substantially vertically disposed inner terminal endoppositely juxtaposed to said vertically disposed outer terminal endlocated in a second "y-x/z" plane, said inner terminal end (i) beingsealably contiguous with an outer surface section of said lower firstouter housing section and (ii) circumscribing an aperture pair

    PP.sub.S:1-2 ;

(F) having located in said second inner void a fixedly-positioned gasstream-activatable semiochemical-containing matrix comprising a porouscontainment agent containing in the interstices thereof at least onesemiochemical sustainably releasable therefrom; and (G) having arthropdentrapment means located substantially within said second inner void;(4) one aperture of each of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ containing a tightly sealably fitted firstradiation means which effects transmission of first insect-attractingradiation to the interior of said horizontally disposed hollow housing;the second aperture of each of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ being capable of conveying a gas from thesaid first inner void of said first vertically disposed hollow outerhousing to the said second inner void of said horizontally disposedouter housing, in a direction whereby a substantial portion of the gasstream impinges upon said semiochemical-containing matrix; (5) each ofthe apertures of said aperture set S₃ containing a tightly sealablyfitted second radiation means which transmits second insect attractingradiation to a location in the immediate vicinity of said semiochemicalfield trap; (6) third radiation means located within said first innervoid of said first vertically disposed hollow outer housing forconveying third insect attracting radiation through each of said secondapertures of each of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ : (7) radiation pulsing means connected tosaid first radiation means and/or said second radiation means and/orsaid third radiation means causing said first insect attractingradiation and/or said second insect attracting radiation and/or saidthird insect attracting radiation to have a frequency mimicking insectwing beat and/or insect visual sensing frequencies; (8) a substantiallyvertically disposed drive shaft coaxial with said "y" axis supported forrotary motion about its axis, extending from within said second uprightvertically disposed hollow inner housing below the bottom, at boundaryB₂, of said upright vertically disposed hollow outer housing, throughsaid vertically directed aperture of said second upper horizontalsurface of said second upright vertically disposed hollow inner housing,into the said first inner void, of said first upright hollow outerhousing, along the longitudinal dimension of said second upright hollowinner housing and along the longitudinal dimension of said first uprighthollow outer housing; (9) motor means connected to a first lower end ofsaid drive shaft for rotating said drive shaft about its axis; (10) airflow creation means attached to a second upper end of said drive shaft,being of such a design whereby the rotation of said drive shaft directlycauses the rotation of said air flow creation means and induces the flowof air downwardly through said first upper horizontal surfacevertically-directed aperture into and through said first inner void, andthen through one aperture of each of said aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ into and through each of said second innervoids of each of said horizontally disposed hollow housings; and (11) atleast one power supply means associated with said trap, energizing saidfirst radiation means and/or said second radiation means and/or saidthird radiation means and said radiation pulsing means and said motormeans;whereby on engagement of the power supply means with (i) saidmotor means, said radiation pulsing means, and each of said firstradiation means and/or said second radiation means and/or said thirdradiation means, arthropods in the vicinity of said trap are attractedby the radiation means associated with aperture sets S₁ and/or S₂ and/orS₃ and said radiation pulsing means and gas emanating from said outerterminal end of said horizontally disposed hollow housings to a locationso close to said trap that in the event that an attracting semiochemicalin said matrix is detected by at least one of said arthropods, said atleast one arthropod will enter said second inner void of saidhorizontally disposed hollow inner housing counter-current to the gasstream emanating therefrom and remain permanently entrapped therein. 4.A semiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of claim 1located in a 3-space defined by a vertical "y" axis and horizontal "x"and "z" axes, each of which "x" and "y" axis is perpendicular to said"y" axis and each of which "x" and "z" axis is perpendicular to oneanother, comprising:(1) an upright vertically disposed hollow housinghaving a vertical central axis parallel to and on said "y" axis, havingan outer surface area

    A.sub.o

having substantially rigid arthropod-impermeable vertically disposedside walls encompassing and defining a first inner void surrounded bysaid side walls and surrounding said "y" axis, said housing:(A) having aside wall upper terminal end located in a first "x-z" planeperpendicular to said "y" axis; (B) having an upperarthropod-impermeable horizontal surface located in said first "x-z"plane being entirely contiguous with said side wall upper terminal end,said upper horizontal surface (i) being substantially perpendicular tothe vertical "y" axis of said hollow outer housing and (ii) having anupper horizontal surface vertically directed aperture there-through; (C)having an upper circumferentially disposed outer housing section havingouter surface area

    A.sub.uo

a middle circumferentially disposed outer housing section having outersurface area

    A.sub.mo ;

and a lower circumferentially disposed outer housing section havingouter surface area

    A.sub.lo

    with

    A.sub.o =A.sub.lo +A.sub.mo +A.sub.uo.

the lower end of said upper outer housing section having acircumferential boundary B₁ with the upper end of said middle outerhousing section; and the lower end of said middle outer housing sectionhaving a circumferential boundary B₂ with the upper end of said lowerouter housing section; (D) said upper outer housing section having afirst horizontally arranged set S₁ of apertures therethrough and asecond horizontally arranged set S₂ of apertures therethrough, each ofthe apertures of the set S₁ being located along a vertical directionalvector

    .sub.S

parallel to the "y" axis; each of the apertures of set S₂ being locatedalong said vertical directional vector

    .sub.S

thereby enabling an aperture of set S₁ to correspond with an aperture ofset S₂ forming a corresponding aperture pair

    PP.sub.S:1-2

with each of said apertures being located along the same verticallydisposed directional vector

    .sub.S

each aperture in said first aperture set S₁ being located along adirectional vector

    .sub.1

in a second "x-z" plane with said directional vector

    .sub.1

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls with

    .sub.1 ⊥ .sub.S

and each aperture in said second aperture set S₂ being located in adirectional vector

    .sub.2

in a third "x-z" plane, said directional vector

    .sub.2

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls, with

    .sub.2 ⊥ .sub.S

    and

    .sub.1 ∥ .sub.2 ;

(E) said middle outer housing section having a third horizontallyarranged set of apertures S₃ at a location below and proximate saidboundary B₁, each aperture in said third aperture set S₃ being locatedalong a directional vector

    .sub.3

in a fourth "x-z" plane, said directional vector

    .sub.3

being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed sidewalls; (2) extending outwardly from said first hollow outer housing, aplurality of horizontally disposed hollow housings, with each of saidhorizontally disposed hollow housings:(A) having rigidarthropod-impermeable substantially horizontally disposed side walls;(B) encompassing and defining a second inner void; (C) having a centralaxis located along a directional vector

    .sub.H

wherein

    .sub.H

is located in a fifth "x-z" plane with

    .sub.H

being perpendicular to said "y" axis;

    .sub.H

being substantially parallel to

    .sub.1 ;

    .sub.H

being substantially parallel to

    .sub.2

    and

    .sub.H

being substantially parallel to

    .sub.S

(D) having a circumferential substantially vertically disposed outerterminal end located in a first "y-x/z" plane; (E) having acircumferentially substantially vertically disposed inner terminal endoppositely juxtaposed to said outer terminal end located in a second"y-x/z" plane, said inner terminal end (i) being circumferentially andsealably contiguous with an outer surface area section of said upperfirst outer housing section; and (ii) circumscribing an aperture pair

    PP.sub.S:1-2

and (F) having located in said second inner void a fixedly-positionedgas stream activatable semiochemical-containing matrix comprising aporous containment agent containing in the interstices thereof at leastone semiochemical sustainably releasable therefrom; (4) one aperture ofeach of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ containing a tightly sealably fitted firstradiation means which effects transmission of insect-attractingradiation to the interior of said horizontally disposed hollow housing;the second aperture of each of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ being capable of conveying a gas from thesaid first inner void of said first vertically disposed hollow outerhousing to the said second inner void of said horizontally disposedhousing in a direction whereby a substantial portion of the gas streamimpinges upon said semiochemical-containing matrix; (5) each of theapertures of said aperture set S₃ containing a tightly sealably-fittedsecond radiation means which transmits insect-attracting radiation to alocation in the immediate vicinity of said semiochemical field trap; (6)third radiation means located within said first inner void of said firstvertically disposed hollow outer housing for conveying third insectattracting radiation through apertures of each of the aperture pairs

    PP.sub.S:1-2

of aperture sets S₁ and S₂ ; (7) radiation pulsing means connected tosaid first radiation means and/or said second radiation means and/orsaid third radiation means causing said first insect attractingradiation and/or said second insect attracting radiation and/or saidthird insect attracting radiation to have a frequency mimicking insectwing beat and/or insect visual sensing frequencies; (8) at least onepower supply means associated with said trap energizing said firstradiation means and/or said second radiation means and/or said thirdradiation means and said radiation pulsing means; and (9) air and/orcarbon dioxide supply means for supplying air and/or carbon dioxide intosaid first inner void via said vertically directed aperture and theninto said second inner void via at least one of the apertures ofaperture sets S₁ and S₂ ;whereby on engagement of the power supply meanswith each of said first radiation means and/or said second radiationmeans and/or said third radiation means and said radiation pulsing meansand operation of said air and/or carbon dioxide supply means, arthropodsin the vicinity of said trap are attracted by the activated radiationmeans associated with aperture set S₃ and the gas emanating from saidhorizontally disposed hollow housings, to a location so close to saidtrap that in the event that an attracting semiochemical in said matrixis detected by at least one of said arthropods, said at least one ofsaid arthropods will enter said second inner void of said horizontallydisposed hollow housing counter-current the gas stream emanatingtherefrom and remain permanently entrapped therein.
 5. The trap of claim3 having a circular substantially planar shading means extendingsubstantially in said first "x-z" plane outwardly from the immediatevicinity of the circumference of said first side wall upper terminalend.
 6. The trap of claim 4 having a circular substantially planarshading means extending substantially in said first "x-z" planeoutwardly from the immediate vicinity of the circumference of said firstside wall upper terminal end.